A question, read by SIFT
What are the names of God in Scripture, and what do they mean?
Read by SIFT · 4 Nov 2026 About this reading
The names of God in Scripture, and what they mean
DEVELOPMENT: written up by Claude from an OpenAI reading
Every verse in it is shown whole.
Scripture speaks of one true God, and it names him in many ways. Some are names he gives himself. Some are titles, or ways of speaking to him. Some describe what he is like and what he does. A few are names given to a place, to altars and to a city, so that something he did would be remembered. Scripture also gives names and titles to Jesus and to the Holy Ghost.
This answer goes through them one by one. Every verse is quoted in full, so each one can be opened in its chapter and checked.
How it was read, replayed
Here the replay stays still. This is the reading in brief; every step of it is listed below, in order.
"What are the names of God in Scripture, and what do they mean?"
- 27 minutes 17 seconds of reading, by an AI from OpenAI
- 187 searches of Scripture
- 6 word lookups came back marked by the tool as not word-aligned to the sealed text, so no word tags are shown for them
- 1,724 verses opened, from 111 chapters
- 8 false readings struck out
- 28 conclusions handed on
- then the answer, written by Claude in 6 minutes 13 seconds
The readings it struck out, and the verses each would break
- Several rival true gods 1 Corinthians 8:4 · Isaiah 43:10
- Only one divine designation can be used Exodus 34:14 · Isaiah 57:15 · Matthew 6:9
- No patriarch ever heard or used LORD Exodus 6:3 · Genesis 15:7 · Genesis 12:8
- Every memorial name is a personal self-naming by God Genesis 22:14 · Exodus 17:15 · Judges 6:24 · Ezekiel 48:35
- A shared title or word number proves the same identity Isaiah 44:28 · Isaiah 45:1 · Isaiah 45:5
- Jesus is never called God, or Father, Son and Spirit are interchangeable in every sentence John 1:1 · John 1:14 · John 20:28 · John 17:1 · John 14:16 · John 14:26
- Every spirit occurrence means the Holy Spirit Mark 1:23 · Mark 14:38
- All names are disclosed and can be listed exhaustively Revelation 19:12
Verdicts
- 1. One God, several ways Scripture names and describes him
- 2. God's answer to Moses; LORD and JEHOVAH
- 3. JAH
- 4. God; Lord; God of gods and Lord of lords
- 5. Almighty God; Almighty; omnipotent; most high God
- 6. Everlasting God; living God; true God; everlasting King
- 7. LORD of hosts; King of glory
- 8. Holy; Holy One of Israel; Jealous; faithful God
- 9. The God who sees Hagar
- 10. The LORD who heals and sanctifies
- 11. Shepherd; rock, fortress, deliverer, shield and refuge
- 12. Creator, Maker, Redeemer, husband, God of the whole earth; Saviour and King
- 13. Father; Abba, Father
- 14. God of peace; God's proclaimed character
- 15. Ancient of days; God of heaven
- 16. Jehovahjireh: a named place
- 17. Jehovahnissi and Jehovahshalom: named altars
- 18. The LORD is there; THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS
- 19. JESUS; Emmanuel and Immanuel
- 20. Messiah; Messias; Christ
- 21. Son of God; Son of the Highest; King of Israel; Isaiah's royal names
- 22. The BRANCH
- 23. Word; The Word of God; Lord and God applied to Jesus
- 24. Lamb of God; Saviour of the world; way, truth, life, door; advocate
- 25. Holy Ghost; holy Spirit of God; Spirit of truth; Comforter
- 26. Holy One of God: keep the reported speaker
- 27. Alpha and Omega; first and last; Faithful and True; KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS
- 28. Honour the named one; the saving name is not a technique
How it was read, replayed from its own logs in the order it happened, at eight times its real speed (slower through its record, so each part can be read). It pauses once, at the reading's conclusions. The clock is the real time it happened.
What this reading did
Scripture alone. By its words, and by the Greek and Hebrew behind them. Search 114, made holy, was the first that found nothing.
In its own context. Whole passages, and 36 whole chapters. Every verse was first opened in a passage of at least 2 verses.
False readings fall. It struck out 8 readings, each by a verse it would make false.
Traceable. Every verse it quotes opens in its chapter, as the reading opened it.
The Greek and Hebrew word searches use data from STEP Bible.
How the meanings here are found
Each meaning below comes from what the passage itself says around the name: who is speaking, what is happening, and what reason the verse gives. None comes from a dictionary. Where the same Hebrew or Greek word stands behind two passages, that only shows where to look. It never settles a meaning by itself.
A name in Scripture can be more than a label. The Hebrew word usually printed name stands behind renown here:
"There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown." ()
The Greek word for name stands behind surnamed here:
"And Simon he surnamed Peter;" ()
So a name can carry renown, the giving of a name, and, as the passages below show, who someone is and how he is known.
The names are given as the King James text prints them, capital letters included (LORD, JEHOVAH, JAH). The capitals are kept as printed, but nothing is built on the lettering alone. This answer gives no pronunciations, no history of how the names were spelled, and no Hebrew or Greek forms the text does not print. The reading could not establish any of those.
One God, with many true names
The one God is the base of everything that follows:
"As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other God but one." ()
"For though there be that are called gods, whether in heaven or in earth, (as there be gods many, and lords many,)" ()
Yet Scripture itself says plainly that this one God has more than one name:
"For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:" ()
"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones." ()
Two readings fail here.
The first says the many names mean many true gods. That would make 1 Corinthians 8:4 false, and these as well:
"Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me." ()
"Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me." ()
The second says only one name of God may be used. These two verses are the strongest ones for that view:
"That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth." ()
"And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one." ()
The psalm is a prayer that enemies will come to know the God who is over all the earth. Zechariah describes the day when the LORD is king over all the earth and the nations worship him. Both stand against rival gods and rival lords. Neither forbids the other names. If they did, Exodus 34:14 and Isaiah 57:15 would be false, since those verses call Jealous and Holy his name. So would the prayer Jesus taught, and God's own words about himself:
"After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name." ()
"I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty." ()
What stands: there is one true God, and Scripture speaks truly of him by many names, titles, ways of addressing him, and descriptions. Scripture teaches this. No fixed number of names follows from these passages. That the many names mean many true gods: this is not what Scripture teaches. That only one name of God may ever be used: this is not what Scripture teaches.
God's own answer to Moses: I AM, and the LORD
The fullest naming begins at the burning bush. God first tells Moses who he is, and promises to be with him:
"Moreover he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God." ()
"And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain." ()
Moses asks the very question this answer is about:
"And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say unto them?" ()
God answers:
"And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you." ()
"And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations." ()
What it means, from the passage: this is God's own lasting name for himself. He is the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. He is with Moses. He keeps his covenant by bringing his people out. It is his name for ever, to be remembered in every generation.
The Hebrew word behind I AM in Exodus 3:14 is the same word used for be here:
"And God said, Let there be light: and there was light." ()
Exodus 3:14 and 3:15 stand side by side as one connected answer. But neither their nearness nor that shared word gives a full account of where the name LORD comes from, and this answer does not offer one.
LORD and JEHOVAH
The same speaker joins the two forms:
"And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD:" ()
"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." ()
The same Hebrew word stands behind LORD in Exodus 3:15 and JEHOVAH in Exodus 6:3 and Psalms 83:18. The prophets sing it too:
"Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation." ()
"Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is everlasting strength:" ()
Not known by that name: Exodus 6:3
Exodus 6:3 is a hard verse. Some read it to mean that Abraham, Isaac and Jacob never heard or spoke the name LORD at all. Genesis says otherwise:
"And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the LORD." ()
"And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD." ()
"And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it." ()
Genesis 15:7 is the LORD speaking to Abram himself, not just the writer's later choice of words. So calling every earlier use "only the narrator's wording" does not explain all of it. Abram also addressed God like this, using two different Hebrew words for Lord and GOD:
"And Abram said, Lord GOD, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus?" ()
The opposite reading, that Exodus 6:3 draws no real distinction, fails as well. The distinction between God Almighty and JEHOVAH is in the verse.
What the verse means is shown by the verses that follow. They speak of God's covenant, of Israel's groaning, of redemption, of taking Israel as his people, and of a promise that they will know the LORD who brings them out:
"Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments:" ()
"And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians." ()
Israel has already been told the name, yet knowing it is still promised for the future. Pharaoh had heard the name and still refused:
"And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go." ()
Moses had already spoken in that name, and had not yet seen the deliverance:
"For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all." ()
The prophets also join knowing his name with knowing the One who speaks, and his power:
"Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I." ()
"Therefore, behold, I will this once cause them to know, I will cause them to know mine hand and my might; and they shall know that my name is The LORD." ()
The covenant with Abram had already looked ahead to this deliverance:
"And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;" ()
"And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance." ()
"In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:" ()
So Exodus 6:3 does not mean the word was never spoken. It speaks of God being known by that name, and the verses right after it explain that knowing through the covenant deliverance now promised to Israel. Both the denial in Exodus 6:3 and the earlier words to Abram stay true. That no patriarch ever heard or spoke the name LORD: this is not what Scripture teaches. Exactly how much the patriarchs knew is not spelled out in the passages read, and this answer does not make up an account of it.
JAH
JAH is given as a name by which the God of Israel is praised:
"Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name JAH, and rejoice before him." ()
"The earth shook, the heavens also dropped at the presence of God: even Sinai itself was moved at the presence of God, the God of Israel." ()
The same Hebrew word is printed LORD in songs of salvation: in Isaiah 12:2, in Isaiah 26:4, and in the song after the crossing of the sea:
"The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father's God, and I will exalt him." ()
"The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name." ()
"Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods? who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?" ()
"The LORD shall reign for ever and ever." ()
These forms can be reported as printed. Where the spelling came from, or whether one is a shortened form of another, was not established here.
God
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth." ()
"I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage." ()
"Thou shalt have no other gods before me." ()
What it means, from these passages: God is the creator and the only rightful object of worship. The passage itself sets him apart from the things people call gods. This is what the passages show about him, not a claim that the word itself means creator.
The same Hebrew word is printed God in Genesis 1 and gods in Exodus 20:3, and in 1 Corinthians 8:4-5 the same Greek word stands for both God and gods. Another Hebrew word for God is printed power here:
"It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad." ()
So calling something "god" does not by itself make it the true God. The passage has to show who is meant.
Lord; God of gods and Lord of lords
Moses addresses God as Lord:
"And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance." ()
And Israel is told:
"For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward:" ()
"He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment." ()
What it means: supreme authority and rule. His supremacy is not bare strength. It includes justice, and care for the fatherless, the widow and the stranger.
A foreign king said something similar after Daniel revealed his dream. These are the king's own words, reported as his:
"The king answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is, that your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret." ()
The word lord also has ordinary uses, so the passage has to show who is meant. The same Greek word is used of a master in a parable, and is printed Sir when a woman speaks to Jesus:
"Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants." ()
"Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt." ()
"The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that living water?" ()
Almighty God, and the most high God
"And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect." ()
"And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly." ()
"And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth." ()
Almighty (also printed omnipotent) is shown through God's power to do what his covenant promises, and through his reign. Revelation 1:8 also uses it.
"And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth:" ()
"And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all." ()
"And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth," ()
"He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty." ()
Most high means supreme over all the earth (Psalms 83:18). He owns heaven and earth, and he delivered Abram's enemies into his hand. Abram names him the LORD in the same breath, so these titles name one God, not several gods with different powers.
The everlasting God, the living and true God, the everlasting King
"And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God." ()
"Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding." ()
"But the LORD is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting king: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation." ()
"The portion of Jacob is not like them: for he is the former of all things; and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: The LORD of hosts is his name." ()
What it means: God lasts when human strength gives out. The creator does not faint or grow weary, and he inhabits eternity (Isaiah 57:15). He is the living ruler and maker of all things, and Jeremiah 10 sets him against idols that are lifeless and man-made. Mercy and judgment both belong here: he revives the humble (Isaiah 57:15), and at his wrath the earth trembles (Jeremiah 10:10).
The LORD of hosts; the King of glory
Host is used for an army. Here it is the army of Abimelech's captain:
"And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phichol the chief captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest:" ()
"Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied." ()
"And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD's, and he will give you into our hands." ()
"The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle." ()
"Who is this King of glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle." ()
"Who is this King of glory? The LORD of hosts, he is the King of glory. Selah." ()
What it means: the strong and mighty King who rules the forces of battle, and the battle is his. David's own sentence makes the LORD of hosts the God of Israel's armies. In 1 Samuel 17:45 the word for armies is a different Hebrew word from hosts. The link comes from what David says, not from a shared word.
Holy, and the Holy One of Israel
His name is Holy (Isaiah 57:15). The high and lofty One also lives with the humble, to revive them. He calls a people to be holy because he is:
"And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the LORD am holy, and have severed you from other people, that ye should be mine." ()
"For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee." ()
"And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth." ()
What it means: his holiness, his greatness that nothing can match (Exodus 15:11), and his claim on a people set apart to be his. Holy One of Israel goes with his saving and redeeming bond with Israel.
Jealous
Exodus 34:14 calls Jealous his name, in a command to worship no other god. The commandments say the same:
"Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;" ()
What it means: his claim to be worshipped alone, with no rival gods allowed.
The faithful God
"But because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep the oath which he had sworn unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt." ()
"Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;" ()
"And repayeth them that hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him that hateth him, he will repay him to his face." ()
What it means: he keeps his covenant and his mercy, out of love and the oath he swore. The same passage says he repays those who hate him. His faithfulness is not cut off from his judgment.
Thou God seest me: the God who saw Hagar
Hagar, alone and with child, is spoken to by the angel of the LORD:
"And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Behold, thou art with child, and shalt bear a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael; because the LORD hath heard thy affliction." ()
"And she called the name of the LORD that spake unto her, Thou God seest me: for she said, Have I also here looked after him that seeth me?" ()
What it means: the LORD who spoke to her sees the woman in her affliction. The name is Hagar's own words, and the LORD's hearing of her affliction explains it. The Hebrew word behind seeth here also appears in two other places, both about being seen:
"The eye of him that hath seen me shall see me no more: thine eyes are upon me, and I am not." ()
"And I will cast abominable filth upon thee, and make thee vile, and will set thee as a gazingstock." ()
Those two verses check what the word means. They add no further names of God. No Hebrew spelling of Hagar's name for God is needed, and none was established.
The LORD that healeth thee
"And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee." ()
What it means: he is the one who heals. The promise here was spoken to Israel, and it comes with its own condition attached: hearken, do right, keep his statutes. It is not an unconditional promise that every reader will escape every disease.
The LORD that doth sanctify you
"Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you." ()
"And ye shall keep my statutes, and do them: I am the LORD which sanctify you." ()
What it means: he makes his people holy for himself, setting them apart to be his (Leviticus 20:26). The sabbath sign and the commands stay attached to it. Other passages show the same Hebrew word in use, and each makes plain that the thing is set apart for God and his service:
"And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron's garments to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office." ()
"And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels thereof: and it shall be holy." ()
"And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest's office." ()
"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy." ()
"For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it." ()
"And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made." ()
"The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister unto him, and to bless in his name for ever." ()
Priest, garments, tabernacle, day and people are each set apart in their own way, and they are not made the same kind of thing. A search for the exact words made holy found nothing. That is a result about that wording only, not a sign that Scripture lacks the idea.
The Creator, Maker, Redeemer, husband, Saviour and King
"Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein:" ()
"Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself;" ()
"For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called." ()
"In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer." ()
"I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour." ()
"I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King." ()
"But cursed be the deceiver, which hath in his flock a male, and voweth, and sacrificeth unto the Lord a corrupt thing: for I am a great King, saith the LORD of hosts, and my name is dreadful among the heathen." ()
"I am the LORD: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images." ()
What it means: he made all things, by himself alone. He claims his people as his own, as a husband does. He rescues them and restores them with mercy and kindness that lasts for ever. Beside him there is no saviour, and he gives his glory to no other.
The law shows what redeem looks like among people. A relative buys back a kinsman who has been sold:
"After that he is sold he may be redeemed again; one of his brethren may redeem him:" ()
"Either his uncle, or his uncle's son, may redeem him, or any that is nigh of kin unto him of his family may redeem him; or if he be able, he may redeem himself." ()
That shows the word meaning release. It is not another name of God, and it does not make every human redeemer God.
The Shepherd
"The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want." ()
"He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake." ()
"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me." ()
"He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young." ()
Jesus says:
"I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep." ()
"I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine." ()
"As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep." ()
What it means: he feeds his people, leads them, restores them, stays with them and protects them. Jesus as the good shepherd adds this: he gives his life for the sheep.
One caution belongs here. The same Hebrew word as in Psalms 23:1 is used when the LORD calls a Persian king his shepherd:
"That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid." ()
So the title shepherd does not by itself show that the one who bears it is God. This is taken up again under Christ below.
Rock, fortress, deliverer, shield, refuge, saviour
David sang this after the LORD rescued him:
"And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:" ()
"And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer;" ()
"The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence." ()
"I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust." ()
What it means: protection, and rescue from violence and enemies. These are testimony and pictures of the one LORD, not a list of different beings.
Father; Abba, Father
Already in Isaiah, God's people call him Father:
"Doubtless thou art our father, though Abraham be ignorant of us, and Israel acknowledge us not: thou, O LORD, art our father, our redeemer; thy name is from everlasting." ()
"A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be a father, where is mine honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the LORD of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name?" ()
Jesus teaches his followers to pray to the Father (Matthew 6:9), and tells them:
"Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him." ()
Jesus himself prays:
"And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt." ()
Those who receive adoption are given the same cry:
"For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father." ()
"But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law," ()
"And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father." ()
What it means: fatherly care, knowledge of what his children need, and the honour that is rightly his. Father is a way of speaking to God that Jesus himself gave. Abba is joined to Father, both in Jesus' prayer and in the words about adoption. No further everyday meaning of Abba was established. Jesus' prayer also says that all things are possible to the Father, which fits Almighty above.
In these verses the Son prays to the Father, and God sends the Spirit of his Son. The three are not interchangeable labels in every sentence. More on this below.
The God of peace, and the name proclaimed
"And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." ()
"Faithful is he that calleth you, who also will do it." ()
God of peace is the one asked to make his people holy and keep them blameless, with the assurance that he is faithful and will do it.
When God showed Moses his name, he did it by announcing his character:
"And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy." ()
"And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD." ()
"And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth," ()
"Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation." ()
This is Scripture's own explanation of what proclaiming his name means: mercy, grace, patience, goodness, truth, forgiveness, and judgment that will not clear the guilty. His names make known who he is and what he does.
Some sentences describe God without being given as a name:
"He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love." ()
This tells the truth about God, but it is not introduced the way Exodus 34:14 introduces Jealous, with the words whose name is. Nothing in the passages read requires every description of God to be counted as a separate name. This is a distinction between kinds of wording. It does not limit Scripture's own wider use of naming language.
The Ancient of days, and the God of heaven
"Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven." ()
"Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever: for wisdom and might are his:" ()
"I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire." ()
"A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened." ()
"I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him." ()
"And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed." ()
What it means: Daniel praises the God of heaven, to whom wisdom and might belong. The Ancient of days is the judge on the throne. In the vision, one like the Son of man is brought before him and given a kingdom that will never pass away. The vision keeps the two distinct, and so does this answer.
Names given to a place, two altars and a city
Four well-known "names" are given in Scripture to a place, two altars and a city. Reading them as God naming himself would go against what the verses say. Each sentence names its own subject: that place (Genesis 22:14), an altar (Exodus 17:15; Judges 6:24), the city (Ezekiel 48:35). That these are God's own self-namings: this is not what Scripture teaches. They still belong in this answer, because each one remembers something the LORD did.
Jehovahjireh, a place
"And Abraham said, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together." ()
"And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son." ()
"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen." ()
What it remembers: God's provision of the offering. Abraham said God would provide, and a ram was offered in his son's place. In this one story the same Hebrew word is printed provide, looked and seen, so the text itself ties providing to seeing.
Jehovahnissi, an altar
"And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword." ()
"And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi:" ()
"For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation." ()
What it remembers: the victory over Amalek, and the LORD's sworn word that his war with Amalek would go on. The meaning banner is often given for this name. A search for banner found these two verses, which were read in their chapters:
"Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah." ()
"Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles." ()
They are real banner passages, but they do not show how the name Jehovahnissi is built, word by word. So this answer does not give banner as a proven meaning of the name. That is a limit of this reading, not a statement that Scripture is silent.
Jehovahshalom, an altar
"And the LORD said unto him, Surely I will be with thee, and thou shalt smite the Midianites as one man." ()
"And the LORD said unto him, Peace be unto thee; fear not: thou shalt not die." ()
"Then Gideon built an altar there unto the LORD, and called it Jehovahshalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abiezrites." ()
What it remembers: the LORD's word of peace and life to a frightened Gideon.
Each of these three joined names appears only once in Scripture.
The LORD is there, a city
"It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is there." ()
What it means: the city's name declares that the LORD is present.
THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS
"Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth." ()
"In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS." ()
"In those days, and at that time, will I cause the Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land." ()
"In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely: and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD our righteousness." ()
The first is the name of the righteous King from David's line. The second is given to Jerusalem. Jerusalem bearing the name does not make the city the LORD, because the subject of that sentence is the city, which the LORD restores. Nor does the city's name erase the King's. What joins the two is that righteousness is found in the LORD:
"Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed." ()
"In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory." ()
Names and titles of Jesus
JESUS
"And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins." ()
"And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS." ()
What it means: the angel gives the name and its reason in the same breath: he will save his people from their sins.
Emmanuel (Immanuel)
"Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying," ()
"Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us." ()
What it means: Matthew interprets it himself: God with us. He also says plainly that it is fulfilled in Jesus.
Matthew is quoting Isaiah:
"Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel." ()
"For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings." ()
"Take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; speak the word, and it shall not stand: for God is with us." ()
Isaiah 7:1-8:10 was read whole. The threat to David's house, the sign, the two kings leaving, and the judgment by Assyria all stay in their setting. Matthew's own statement of fulfilment is what applies the name to Jesus. The setting in Isaiah is not thrown away, and no timetable is invented for it.
Messiah, Messias, Christ: the Anointed
"He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ." ()
"The woman saith unto him, I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ: when he is come, he will tell us all things." ()
"Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am he." ()
So Scripture itself says Messias means Christ, and Jesus says he is the one. The link to anointed comes from a psalm and how Acts applies it:
"Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?" ()
"The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying," ()
"Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things?" ()
"The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord, and against his Christ." ()
"For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together," ()
"How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him." ()
In the psalm the LORD's anointed becomes his Christ in the believers' prayer, and that prayer names Jesus as the one God anointed. What it means: Christ, Messias and Messiah all mean the Anointed One. Scripture shows this in its own words; no dictionary supplies it.
The same Hebrew word behind anointed in Psalms 2:2 is printed Messiah in Daniel. Daniel 9 was read whole: Daniel's prayer for Jerusalem, then Gabriel's message:
"Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy." ()
"Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times." ()
"And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined." ()
This adds the printed name Messiah the Prince, in a message about the city, about reconciliation and everlasting righteousness, and about Messiah being cut off. No calculation of Daniel's weeks was made. The answer does not depend on one: however the timing is read, Daniel still names Messiah the Prince, and the Gospels still name Jesus as the Christ.
A shared title does not prove a shared identity. The LORD also calls Cyrus his anointed, while saying clearly that he himself is the only God:
"Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;" ()
"I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me:" ()
So anointed alone does not make everyone who bears it Jesus, and shepherd alone does not make everyone who bears it God (Isaiah 44:28). That a shared title or a shared word proves the same person: this is not what Scripture teaches. Jesus is shown to be the Christ by what is said about him in so many words: his own answer in John 4:25-26, John's account of him in John 1 and John 20, and the way Acts 4:25-27 applies the psalm to him.
Son of God, Son of the Highest, King of Israel
"He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:" ()
"And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end." ()
"And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God." ()
"And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God." ()
"Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel." ()
What it means: Jesus is the Son born through the Holy Ghost's work, given David's throne and a kingdom with no end.
Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace
"For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace." ()
"Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." ()
These names belong to the son who is given, the one who carries the government. Giving them to some other, unnamed person does not follow the verse's own words: his shoulder, his name. The link to Jesus is not a matter of words sounding alike. It is that Luke 1:31-33 names Jesus as the son who receives David's throne and a kingdom with no end, the same unending reign as Isaiah 9:7.
What it means: the given royal son's government is wonderful, wise, mighty, lasting and fatherly, with peace and justice that never end.
- Wonderful, Counsellor. Isaiah also says of the LORD of hosts:
"This also cometh forth from the LORD of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working." ()
That shows the words in use. It does not by itself explain how the title is built.
- The mighty God. Isaiah uses the same words of the LORD to whom Israel returns (Isaiah 10:20), so they cannot be brushed aside as only a human title:
"The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God." ()
- The everlasting Father. Isaiah also uses father for someone who governs and protects. Here Eliakim is given rule over Jerusalem:
"And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah." ()
The same Hebrew word for father stands in Isaiah 9:6 and 22:21. That warns against assuming the title means the son is the one he himself prays to as Father:
"These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:" ()
The government setting of Isaiah 9 and the use in Isaiah 22:21 support reading the title as lasting, fatherly rule. That is the meaning the context gives. It is not offered as an exact definition of the word, or as the only shade of fatherhood it could carry. What is firm is that the son bears this title within an unending reign. The answer does not turn on the finer point: on a broader reading of lasting fatherhood or on the narrower reading of a ruler's fatherly care, the son still bears the title, and his prayer to the Father still stands as written. The naming statement says nothing about bodily parentage.
- The Prince of Peace. His government and peace will have no end (Isaiah 9:7).
The BRANCH
Jeremiah promises a righteous Branch for David, a King who reigns in justice and righteousness (Jeremiah 23:5; 33:15). Zechariah names him:
"And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD:" ()
"Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both." ()
What it means: the coming ruler from David's line, who reigns in righteousness. Zechariah's Branch builds the LORD's temple, and rules as both king and priest. Every detail of Zechariah's sign and its timing is not needed for this list, and is not presented as settled.
The Word; The Word of God
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." ()
"All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made." ()
"And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth." ()
"For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ." ()
"No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him." ()
The rider in Revelation's vision also bears this name:
"And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God." ()
What it means: the Word was with God and was God. All things were made by him, and he became flesh. In this same account John names Jesus Christ, and the only begotten Son who has made the Father known. The Greek word behind Word also has ordinary uses: it is printed account in Matthew 18:23. So it is what John says about the Word that makes this a divine title, not the word alone.
My Lord and my God
"And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God." ()
"Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." ()
"But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name." ()
Thomas says this unto him, to Jesus, and Jesus answers by speaking of Thomas's belief. Reading it as an exclamation aimed at someone else does not fit who is spoken to or how Jesus replies.
Lamb of God; Saviour of the world; Lord of all; the way; the door; the advocate
"The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." ()
"And said unto the woman, Now we believe, not because of thy saying: for we have heard him ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world." ()
"And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world." ()
"The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:)" ()
"Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me." ()
"I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture." ()
"My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous:" ()
What they mean: each title is explained by the work the verse names. He takes away the sin of the world. The Father sent him as Saviour. He is the way to the Father, and the door through which people are saved and find pasture. He speaks for his people as advocate with the Father. Saviour of the world does not bring in a second saving God beside the LORD (Isaiah 43:11): 1 John 4:14 says the Father sent the Son. The Greek word behind advocate is the same one printed Comforter in John 14. The verses name different subjects, though: Jesus Christ is the advocate with the Father, and the Comforter is the Holy Ghost. What is said of one is not moved over to the other just because they share a word.
Holy One of God: note who is speaking
"And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out," ()
"Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God." ()
"And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him." ()
"And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among themselves, saying, What thing is this? what new doctrine is this? for with authority commandeth he even the unclean spirits, and they do obey him." ()
This title is spoken by an unclean spirit, and it is reported here as that spirit's words. It is not accepted just because an unclean spirit said it. The passage itself shows Jesus' authority: he rebukes the spirit, commands it, and it obeys.
Names in Revelation
"And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood," ()
"And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:" ()
"I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death." ()
"And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely." ()
"I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last." ()
Alpha and Omega; the first and the last. The text explains these itself: the beginning and the ending, the beginning and the end, the first and the last (Revelation 1:8; 21:6; 22:13). The one who says I am the first and the last in Revelation 1:17-18 is the one who was dead and is alive for evermore.
"And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war." ()
"And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS." ()
Faithful and True goes with righteous judgment. KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS declares his rule over every ruler.
"I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star." ()
"He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus." ()
The root and the offspring of David; the bright and morning star. In his own last words about himself, Jesus names his tie to David and gives the picture of the shining star. Any further meaning of these pictures is not defined here.
The Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost
The names Scripture gives the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost have to be read so that every verse stays true. Two readings fail.
The first says Jesus is never called God. That breaks John 1:1, John 1:14 and John 20:28. That Jesus is never called God: this is not what Scripture teaches.
The second says Father, Son and Holy Ghost are just three labels for the same speaker in every sentence. That breaks the Son's prayer to the Father in John 17:1, and the Father sending another Comforter:
"And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;" ()
"But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you." ()
That Father, Son and Holy Ghost are interchangeable names for one speaker in every sentence: this is not what Scripture teaches.
These are the strongest verses for keeping the Father and the Son distinct:
"And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent." ()
"And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was." ()
"I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me; and they have kept thy word." ()
"And I have declared unto them thy name, and will declare it: that the love wherewith thou hast loved me may be in them, and I in them." ()
"Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again unto you. If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto the Father: for my Father is greater than I." ()
"But to us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him." ()
All of these stay true alongside John 1:1 and John 20:28. The same Gospel calls the Word God and records Jesus accepting Thomas's confession. One verse is not used to cancel another. Jesus also says:
"Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Shew us the Father?" ()
"Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works." ()
"I and my Father are one." ()
John 14:10 explains John 14:9 itself: the Father dwells in the Son and does the works. What stands is that the Father is made known in the Son, and the relations the verses state are kept. This answer reports these names and relations as Scripture gives them. It does not add an account of how they work, which the reading did not examine.
Ye are gods: John 10 and Psalm 82
Jesus quotes a psalm:
"Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?" ()
"If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the scripture cannot be broken;" ()
"Say ye of him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am the Son of God?" ()
"But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him." ()
The whole psalm was read:
"I have said, Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High." ()
"But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes." ()
"Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all nations." ()
The psalm commands justice for the poor and rebukes the judges it addresses. They will die like men, and God is called on to judge the earth. So it cannot show that there are several gods who are equally supreme and never die. Jesus' own explanation speaks of those to whom God's word came, and in the same breath he speaks of being sent by the Father and of the Father being in him. A shared word cannot cancel what John says positively about the Word, including that all things were made by him (John 1:3).
Isaiah's challenge to the idols is not an endorsement of them either:
"Shew the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods: yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together." ()
"Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought: an abomination is he that chooseth you." ()
The Holy Ghost: Comforter, Spirit of truth, holy Spirit of God
"Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you." ()
"But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me:" ()
"Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come." ()
"He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall shew it unto you." ()
"And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption." ()
From the very beginning:
"And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters." ()
What it means: John says outright that the promised Comforter is the Holy Ghost (John 14:26) and the Spirit of truth. He is the Father's promised gift, given through the Son. He teaches, brings back to mind what Jesus said, testifies of Jesus, guides into all truth, and glorifies him.
Scripture joins the Holy Ghost with God directly:
"But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back part of the price of the land?" ()
"Whiles it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power? why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God." ()
And Jesus names all three together:
"And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth." ()
"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:" ()
Jesus also says:
"God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth." ()
Not every "spirit" is the Holy Spirit. The same Greek words for holy and spirit stand behind both Holy Ghost and holy Spirit. But the word spirit is also used of the unclean spirit in Mark 1:23, and of the human spirit set against the flesh here:
"Watch ye and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak." ()
The word that goes with it, who is spoken of, and what is said around it decide the meaning. That every use of "spirit" means the Holy Spirit: this is not what Scripture teaches.
Honouring the name
His name is not to be used lightly:
"Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain." ()
A name can carry authority and call for obedience:
"Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared." ()
"Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him." ()
"But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries." ()
Here the name in the Angel goes with heeding his voice, and obeying that voice goes with doing all God speaks. This does not make everyone who bears a name God himself. The Angel's full identity is not settled just because the word name is used of him.
His name can be dishonoured or honoured before the nations:
"And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land." ()
"And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes." ()
So name can also mean how the one named is publicly known and acknowledged.
The name by which people are saved
"Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole." ()
"This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner." ()
"Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." ()
Peter's stone quotation was traced to its psalm and read there:
"The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner." ()
"This is the LORD's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes." ()
Acts 4 names the saving name as Jesus Christ of Nazareth, the one crucified and raised: a person, not a sound standing on its own. It does not tell anyone to stop using the name LORD, and it does not forbid calling God Father. Reading it that way would clash with Matthew 6:9 and with God's own earlier words about himself.
Repeating a name is not a way to gain power over anything:
"Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preacheth." ()
"And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye?" ()
"And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded." ()
"And this was known to all the Jews and Greeks also dwelling at Ephesus; and fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified." ()
The men used the name, and it failed them. What followed was fear, and the Lord's name was honoured.
The name above every name
"Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God:" ()
"And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross." ()
"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:" ()
"That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;" ()
"And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." ()
The words about every knee and every tongue are the LORD's own oath in Isaiah, which Paul also quotes in Romans:
"I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear." ()
"For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God." ()
The link is the bowing of every knee and the confession of every tongue, all to the glory of God the Father. It is not a claim that one spelling replaces every other name of God. These verses are about God's names. They say nothing about where any particular person stands with God, and this answer says nothing about that either.
Names not made known
Asking for a name does not always mean getting one:
"And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there." ()
"And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?" ()
The Hebrew word behind secret there is printed wonderful here:
"Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it." ()
The psalm is about knowledge too high to reach. That warns against treating secret as a hidden password. It does not prove the angel is Jesus. Nor is it the same word as Wonderful in Isaiah 9:6, which is a different Hebrew word. Saying more would need more evidence than was found.
Agur asks:
"Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou canst tell?" ()
"Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him." ()
"Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar." ()
His question is a humble admission of what he does not know. It is followed by trust in God's pure word and a warning not to add to it. It does not say God never makes his name known, and Exodus 3:15 shows that he does.
One name, though, is expressly kept back:
"His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself." ()
The very next verses give names that are made known (Revelation 19:13, 19:16). So a full list of every name is not possible, while a list of the names he has made known is. That every name has been made known and can be listed: this is not what Scripture teaches.
What this reading did not settle
These are limits of this reading. None of them is Scripture being unclear.
- How complete this list is. This is a large list from the passages examined. It is not a certified count of every name in Scripture. The reading did not open the whole Bible or every place a word appears: the searches showed 2,216 references that were not opened, and they are listed in the record as unread. Two searches found nothing for the exact wordings made holy and that heareth prayer. That says something about those words only, not about whether Scripture has the idea. There may be more names than are listed here. Apart from all this, Revelation 19:12 itself says one name is known only to him.
- Pronunciation, spelling and original forms. How the names were first pronounced, how their spelling developed, and Hebrew or Greek forms the text does not print were not established. The tools used could not provide them. The names as printed and what their passages show can be reported, and that is what this answer does. The exact build of Jehovahnissi (banner) is not verified here, though its victory setting is clear.
- How much the patriarchs knew. Exodus 6:3 draws a real distinction, and the verses after it explain it through the deliverance from Egypt. The passages read do not measure exactly what the patriarchs knew before, and none of the conclusions above depends on it.
- The everlasting Father. That the son bears the title within an unending reign is firm. How far fatherly rule covers every shade of the word is not claimed. As shown above, the answer is the same either way.
- The timing of the prophecies. No calculation was made of Daniel's weeks or of when Zechariah's sign is fulfilled. The names in those passages stand however the timing is read.
- Who the angels are. The full identity of the Angel in Exodus 23 and of the angel who spoke to Manoah in Judges 13 is not worked out from the naming words alone.
- How the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost are related in their workings. This answer reports what the verses say about each, and the relations they state, without adding an account of how those relations work.
Nothing about the asker's own situation needed to be known for this answer. Every conclusion above stands on the verses quoted with it.
Every step of the reading
Everything the replay shows, as plain text, in the order it happened. Times are from the moment the reading began.
Every search, in order (187)
- words Almighty 57 found
- words name is 28 found
- words name of God 6 found
- all of name + LORD 327 found
- words JEHOVAH 4 found
- words shepherd 42 found
- words Most High 48 found
- words Jehovahjireh 1 found
- words healeth 4 found
- words his name 163 found
- word family Almighty 58 found
- word family name 5357 found
- words his name (page 3) 163 found
- all of name + LORD (page 4) 327 found
- all of name + LORD (page 2) 327 found
- all of name + LORD (page 3) 327 found
- all of name + LORD (page 6) 327 found
- all of name + LORD (page 5) 327 found
- words his name (page 2) 163 found
- all of name + LORD (page 7) 327 found
- words his name (page 4) 163 found
- original word H8034 771 found name 733 · names 82 · name's 19 · renown 7 · named 6 · fame 4 · famous 4 · it 4 · infamous 1 · men 1 · report 1 · thereof 1 · unto 1
- original word G3841 10 found almighty 9 · omnipotent 1
- original word H7706 48 found almighty 48
- original word G3686 214 found name 171 · named 27 · names 11 · sake 6 · name's 5 · called 3 · surnamed 2 · cornelius 1 · nicodemus 1 · slain 1 · was 1
- words only true God 1 found
- all of name + one 61 found
- words LORD our righteousness 2 found
- words LORD is there 1 found
- words Comforter 7 found
- all of altar + name 8 found
- all of gods + many 2 found
- words Christ 532 found
- words living God 30 found
- original word H430 2249 found god 2367 · gods 216 · god's 7 · judges 4 · goddess 2 · great 2 · mighty 2 · angels 1 · exceeding 1 · god-ward 1 · godly 1 · in 1 · judge 1
- original word H1961 72 found be 23 · done 6 · was 5 · been 4 · pass 3 · am 2 · become 2 · had 2 · is 2 · quit 2 · us 2 · were 2 · accomplished 1 · altogether 1 · are 1 · art 1 · brake 1 · came 1 · caused 1 · committed 1 · communication 1 · did 1 · fainted 1 · fell 1 · followed 1 · kept 1 · lasted 1 · not 1 · pertained 1 · required 1 · so 1 · thou 1 · use 1
- original word H7210 5 found me 2 · seen 2 · gazingstock 1 · to 1
- original word H410 235 found god 225 · mighty 4 · power 3 · god's 2 · gods 2 · immanuel 2 · goodly 1 · great 1 · idols 1 · might 1 · one 1 · strong 1 · to 1
- original word H136 419 found lord 432 · god 1 · lord's 1
- original word H3068 5521 found lord 6402 · lord's 108 · god 4 · jehovah 4 · my 1
- word family God 22163 found
- original word H7200 1211 found see 348 · saw 301 · seen 161 · behold 57 · looked 54 · look 46 · appeared 39 · shewed 37 · seest 27 · seeth 27 · shew 27 · appear 24 · beheld 23 · consider 15 · seeing 11 · seer 10 · out 5 · sawest 5 · spied 5 · considered 4 · enjoy 4 · looketh 4 · perceived 4 · respect 4 · appeareth 3 · lo 3 · on 3 · sheweth 3 · another 2 · beholdeth 2 · considereth 2 · foreseeth 2 · heed 2 · him 2 · indeed 2 · provide 2 · provided 2 · regarded 2 · advise 1 · approveth 1 · beholding 1 · certainly 1 · considerest 1 · discern 1 · espied 1 · experience 1 · gaze 1 · her 1 · it 1 · joyfully 1 · mark 1 · meet 1 · more 1 · near 1 · off 1 · perceive 1 · presented 1 · regard 1 · regardeth 1 · respecteth 1 · seemeth 1 · seer's 1 · seers 1 · shewedst 1 · sight 1 · spy 1 · stare 1 · surely 1 · them 1 · thinketh 1 · thou 1 · up 1 · upon 1 · view 1 · visions 1 · were 1
- words Ancient of days 3 found
- all of Jesus + anointed 4 found
- words God of peace 5 found
- words seest 36 found
- words Father 970 found
- words Abba 3 found
- words provide 11 found
- words banner 3 found
- words sanctify you 4 found
- words Alpha and Omega 4 found
- words Holy 544 found
- all of name + know 21 found
- words wonderful 21 found
- words Lord of hosts 235 found
- words my Lord and my God 1 found
- all of Ghost + God 19 found
- words Rock 106 found
- words Saviour 37 found
- all of God + Spirit 111 found
- words counsellor 14 found
- words thy name 121 found
- original word H3050 45 found lord 48 · jah 1
- original word H3070 1 found jehovah-jireh 1
- original word H3071 1 found jehovah-nissi 1
- original word H3073 1 found jehovah-shalom 1
- original word H3072 2 found righteousness 2
- original word H3045 873 found know 430 · known 105 · knew 83 · knowest 66 · knoweth 59 · knowledge 19 · shew 12 · perceived 11 · tell 8 · certainly 7 · wist 7 · acquaintance 6 · perceive 6 · acknowledge 5 · knewest 5 · shewed 5 · teach 5 · wot 5 · consider 4 · cunning 4 · skill 4 · sure 4 · understood 4 · certain 3 · declare 3 · declared 3 · discern 3 · ignorant 3 · learned 3 · mark 3 · taught 3 · understand 3 · aware 2 · considereth 2 · could 2 · endued 2 · feel 2 · have 2 · knowing 2 · skilful 2 · wit 2 · acknowledged 1 · acquainted 1 · advise 1 · answer 1 · appointed 1 · assuredly 1 · can 1 · cannot 1 · certainty 1 · come 1 · comprehend 1 · diligent 1 · discerneth 1 · discovered 1 · famous 1 · felt 1 · friends 1 · hast 1 · hath 1 · her 1 · instructed 1 · kinsfolks 1 · kinsman 1 · man 1 · perceivest 1 · prognosticators 1 · regardeth 1 · respect 1 · surety 1 · to 1 · unawares 1 · understanding 1 · well 1 · will 1 · wotteth 1 · ye 1
- original word H5945 53 found high 36 · upper 8 · higher 4 · highest 3 · above 1 · uppermost 1
- original word H5769 414 found ever 272 · everlasting 64 · old 22 · perpetual 22 · evermore 15 · never 15 · time 6 · ancient 5 · world 4 · always 3 · alway 2 · long 2 · more 2 · continuance 1 · elam 1 · eternal 1 · lasting 1 · times 1
- original word H7067 5 found jealous 6
- original word H6918 106 found holy 65 · one 39 · saints 9 · saint 3
- original word H6635 463 found hosts 294 · host 98 · war 41 · armies 22 · army 8 · battle 5 · service 5 · time 2 · warfare 2 · appointed 1 · company 1 · from 1 · of 1 · soldiers 1 · them 1 · wait 1 · waiting 1
- original word H1350 84 found redeem 25 · redeemed 24 · redeemer 18 · kinsman 12 · avenger 6 · revenger 6 · all 2 · ransomed 2 · deliver 1 · kinsfolks 1 · kinsmen 1 · part 1 · purchase 1 · redeemeth 1 · revengers 1 · stain 1 · wise 1
- original word H7462 144 found feed 55 · shepherds 33 · shepherd 28 · fed 11 · herdmen 7 · pastors 7 · feedeth 5 · feeding 3 · companion 2 · kept 2 · up 2 · broken 1 · company 1 · devour 1 · eat 1 · entreateth 1 · feedest 1 · friend 1 · friendship 1 · keeper 1 · keepeth 1 · keeping 1 · pastor 1 · shearing 1 · shepherd's 1 · shepherds' 1 · them 1 · wander 1 · waste 1
- original word H7495 62 found healed 32 · heal 21 · healeth 4 · physicians 4 · again 1 · cure 1 · physician 1 · repaired 1 · thoroughly 1 · whole 1
- original word H6942 153 found sanctify 63 · sanctified 45 · hallow 15 · hallowed 10 · dedicated 7 · holy 7 · prepare 7 · consecrated 3 · dedicate 3 · consecrate 2 · appointed 1 · bid 1 · defiled 1 · holier 1 · kept 1 · ones 1 · places 1 · proclaim 1 · purified 1 · wholly 1 · yourselves 1
- original word H6382 13 found wonders 7 · wonderful 3 · things 1 · wonder 1 · wonderfully 1
- original word H3289 74 found counsel 21 · counsellors 12 · counsellor 10 · consulted 8 · purposed 5 · counselled 4 · give 3 · advice 2 · determined 2 · deviseth 2 · gave 2 · given 2 · taken 2 · advertise 1 · advise 1 · advised 1 · consult 1 · guide 1
- original word H5703 49 found ever 42 · everlasting 2 · end 1 · eternity 1 · evermore 1 · old 1 · perpetually 1
- original word H7965 208 found peace 175 · well 14 · peaceably 9 · welfare 5 · prosperity 4 · did 3 · safe 3 · salute 3 · saluted 3 · health 2 · peaceable 2 · doest 1 · familiar 1 · familiars 1 · fare 1 · favour 1 · friends 1 · greet 1 · perfect 1 · prospered 1 · prosperous 1 · rest 1 · safely 1 · wholly 1
- original word H6268 3 found ancient 3
- original word H6383 2 found secret 1 · wonderful 1
- original word H6697 74 found rock 57 · rocks 7 · strength 5 · god 2 · sharp 2 · beauty 1 · edge 1 · one 1 · stones 1 · strong 1
- original word H4268 20 found refuge 15 · hope 2 · shelter 2 · trust 1
- original word G2316 1172 found god 1309 · god's 15 · gods 8 · godly 5 · god-ward 2 · be 1 · exceeding 1 · manner 1 · sort 1
- original word G2962 687 found lord 702 · lord's 15 · sir 11 · masters 8 · master 4 · lords 3 · appointed 1 · god 1 · masters' 1 · owners 1 · sirs 1
- original word G2424 935 found jesus 959 · jesus' 10 · cried 1 · out 1 · stood 1 · walked 1 · went 1 · when 1
- original word G5547 530 found christ 553 · christ's 16
- original word G3323 2 found messias 2
- original word G3875 5 found comforter 4 · advocate 1
- original word G3962 372 found father 348 · fathers 52 · father's 16 · business 1 · fathers' 1 · parents 1
- original word G5 3 found abba 3
- original word G3056 316 found word 176 · words 47 · saying 34 · sayings 16 · account 8 · speech 8 · matter 4 · utterance 4 · things 3 · communication 2 · reason 2 · thing 2 · work 2 · cause 1 · communications 1 · concerning 1 · do 1 · doctrine 1 · exhortation 1 · fame 1 · have 1 · intent 1 · mouth 1 · preaching 1 · question 1 · reckoneth 1 · rumour 1 · sake 1 · say 1 · shew 1 · speaker 1 · talk 1 · tidings 1 · treatise 1 · what 1 · with 1
- original word G1 4 found alpha 4
- original word G5598 4 found omega 4
- words above every name 1 found
- words everlasting God 3 found
- words eternity 1 found
- words armies 43 found
- words hallow 15 found
- words redeemer 18 found
- words advocate 1 found
- words peace 400 found
- words holy name 20 found
- words the mighty God 7 found
- all of father + inhabitants 2 found
- words Ye are gods 3 found
- words every knee 3 found
- words every tongue 4 found
- words secret 65 found
- all of holy + separated 1 found
- words made holy 0 found
- words God is love 2 found
- words Light + --case 4 found
- words Why did the heathen rage 1 found
- words Why do the heathen rage 1 found
- words head of the corner 5 found
- all of lie + Ghost 2 found
- words that heareth prayer 0 found
- words God of gods 5 found
- words faithful God 1 found
- all of stone + corner 11 found
- original word H1 1061 found father 593 · fathers 475 · father's 127 · fathers' 10 · chief 2 · of 2 · desire 1 · fatherless 1 · forefathers 1 · patrimony 1 · prince 1 · principal 1
- all of name + one (page 2) 61 found
- words Holy Spirit 7 found
- words faithful 78 found
- words king + --case 1848 found
- all of name + LORD 327 found
- words Most High 48 found
- words LORD is there 1 found
- words Abba 3 found
- words Alpha and Omega 4 found
- words name is 28 found
- all of name + LORD (page 3) 327 found
- all of name + one 61 found
- words his name (page 2) 163 found
- words sanctify you 4 found
- all of name + LORD (page 4) 327 found
- all of name + LORD (page 2) 327 found
- all of name + LORD (page 5) 327 found
- words shepherd 42 found
- words JEHOVAH 4 found
- words Jehovahjireh 1 found
- words his name 163 found
- words God of peace 5 found
- words Comforter 7 found
- words Holy 544 found
- all of name + LORD (page 7) 327 found
- words only true God 1 found
- all of altar + name 8 found
- words LORD our righteousness 2 found
- words banner 3 found
- words Father 970 found
- all of name + LORD (page 6) 327 found
- words living God 30 found
- words Ancient of days 3 found
- words name of God 6 found
- words Almighty 57 found
- words healeth 4 found
- all of name + know 21 found
- words Christ 532 found
- words his name (page 4) 163 found
- words seest 36 found
- all of Jesus + anointed 4 found
- words his name (page 3) 163 found
- all of gods + many 2 found
- words provide 11 found
- original word H3068 5521 found lord 6402 · lord's 108 · god 4 · jehovah 4 · my 1
- original word H430 2249 found god 2367 · gods 216 · god's 7 · judges 4 · goddess 2 · great 2 · mighty 2 · angels 1 · exceeding 1 · god-ward 1 · godly 1 · in 1 · judge 1
- word family name 5357 found
- original word H7706 48 found almighty 48
- original word G3841 10 found almighty 9 · omnipotent 1
- word family Almighty 58 found
- original word H410 235 found god 225 · mighty 4 · power 3 · god's 2 · gods 2 · immanuel 2 · goodly 1 · great 1 · idols 1 · might 1 · one 1 · strong 1 · to 1
- original word H1961 72 found be 23 · done 6 · was 5 · been 4 · pass 3 · am 2 · become 2 · had 2 · is 2 · quit 2 · us 2 · were 2 · accomplished 1 · altogether 1 · are 1 · art 1 · brake 1 · came 1 · caused 1 · committed 1 · communication 1 · did 1 · fainted 1 · fell 1 · followed 1 · kept 1 · lasted 1 · not 1 · pertained 1 · required 1 · so 1 · thou 1 · use 1
- original word H7210 5 found me 2 · seen 2 · gazingstock 1 · to 1
- original word H8034 771 found name 733 · names 82 · name's 19 · renown 7 · named 6 · fame 4 · famous 4 · it 4 · infamous 1 · men 1 · report 1 · thereof 1 · unto 1
- original word G3686 214 found name 171 · named 27 · names 11 · sake 6 · name's 5 · called 3 · surnamed 2 · cornelius 1 · nicodemus 1 · slain 1 · was 1
- original word H7200 1211 found see 348 · saw 301 · seen 161 · behold 57 · looked 54 · look 46 · appeared 39 · shewed 37 · seest 27 · seeth 27 · shew 27 · appear 24 · beheld 23 · consider 15 · seeing 11 · seer 10 · out 5 · sawest 5 · spied 5 · considered 4 · enjoy 4 · looketh 4 · perceived 4 · respect 4 · appeareth 3 · lo 3 · on 3 · sheweth 3 · another 2 · beholdeth 2 · considereth 2 · foreseeth 2 · heed 2 · him 2 · indeed 2 · provide 2 · provided 2 · regarded 2 · advise 1 · approveth 1 · beholding 1 · certainly 1 · considerest 1 · discern 1 · espied 1 · experience 1 · gaze 1 · her 1 · it 1 · joyfully 1 · mark 1 · meet 1 · more 1 · near 1 · off 1 · perceive 1 · presented 1 · regard 1 · regardeth 1 · respecteth 1 · seemeth 1 · seer's 1 · seers 1 · shewedst 1 · sight 1 · spy 1 · stare 1 · surely 1 · them 1 · thinketh 1 · thou 1 · up 1 · upon 1 · view 1 · visions 1 · were 1
- word family God 22163 found
- original word H136 419 found lord 432 · god 1 · lord's 1
- original word G4151 349 found spirit 255 · ghost 91 · spirits 32 · also 1 · itself 1 · life 1 · spiritual 1 · spiritually 1 · wind 1
- original word G40 219 found holy 162 · saints 60 · one 4 · saint 1 · saints' 1 · thing 1
- words Messiah 2 found
- original word H4899 38 found anointed 37 · messiah 2
Every time it opened Scripture (16 times, 1,724 verses)
- Exodus 3 22 Exodus 6:1–13 13 Exodus 33:12–23 12 Exodus 34:1–17 17 Genesis 16 16 Genesis 17:1–14 14 Genesis 21:22–34 13 Genesis 22 24 Genesis 4:25–26 2 Genesis 12:1–9 9 Psalms 83 18 Isaiah 12 6 Isaiah 26:1–13 13 Isaiah 57:14–21 8 Isaiah 63:15–19 5 Revelation 19 21 213 verses, 213 new
- Genesis 1 31 Genesis 2:1–3 3 Genesis 14 24 Genesis 15:1–8 8 Genesis 31:22–32 11 Exodus 15 27 Exodus 17 16 Exodus 20 26 Judges 6 40 Judges 13 25 Psalms 23 6 Psalms 68:1–20 20 Psalms 91 16 Isaiah 42:1–17 17 Isaiah 54:1–10 10 Jeremiah 10:1–16 16 Jeremiah 23:1–8 8 Jeremiah 33 26 Ezekiel 48:30–35 6 Zechariah 6:9–15 7 Zechariah 14 21 1 Corinthians 8 13 John 17 26 403 verses, 403 new
- Exodus 20 26 Judges 6 40 Judges 13 25 Psalms 23 6 Psalms 68:1–20 20 Psalms 91 16 Isaiah 42:1–17 17 Isaiah 54:1–10 10 160 verses, 0 new
- Matthew 1:18–25 8 Matthew 6:1–15 15 Matthew 28:16–20 5 Isaiah 7 25 Isaiah 8:1–10 10 Isaiah 9 21 John 1 51 John 4:1–42 42 John 14 31 John 15:18–27 10 John 16:1–15 15 233 verses, 233 new
- Genesis 15 21 Genesis 32:22–32 11 Exodus 5 23 Exodus 31:12–18 7 Leviticus 20:1–8 8 Psalms 24 10 1 Samuel 17:32–50 19 Isaiah 13:1–13 13 Isaiah 28:23–29 7 Isaiah 43:1–15 15 Daniel 7 28 Mark 14:32–42 11 Romans 8:12–17 6 Galatians 4:1–7 7 Luke 1:26–56 31 John 20:19–31 13 Acts 10:34–48 15 Revelation 1 20 Revelation 21:1–8 8 Revelation 22 21 294 verses, 286 new
- Daniel 7 28 Isaiah 40 31 Isaiah 22:15–25 11 Isaiah 10:20–27 8 Genesis 6:1–8 8 Exodus 23:20–33 14 2 Samuel 22:1–20 20 Psalms 139:1–18 18 Proverbs 30:1–9 9 Mark 3:13–19 7 John 10 42 1 John 2:1–6 6 Philippians 2:1–16 16 Acts 19:8–20 13 Ezekiel 36:16–38 23 Malachi 1 14 1 Thessalonians 5:12–28 17 285 verses, 257 new
- Psalms 82 8 Isaiah 41:21–29 9 Isaiah 45:14–25 12 Romans 14:1–13 13 Leviticus 20:22–27 6 1 Chronicles 23:1–13 13 Psalms 60 12 Isaiah 52:1–12 12 Jeremiah 16:14–21 8 1 John 4:7–21 15 Acts 4:1–31 31 Psalms 2 12 Acts 5:1–16 16 Leviticus 25:47–55 9 176 verses, 176 new
- Psalms 118:14–29 16 Deuteronomy 7:6–11 6 Deuteronomy 10:12–22 11 33 verses, 33 new
- Ephesians 4:17–32 16 16 verses, 16 new
- Job 7:1–10 10 Nahum 3:1–7 7 Daniel 2:19–23, 46–49 9 Isaiah 43:1–15 15 41 verses, 26 new
- Genesis 1:1–3 3 Genesis 2:3–3 1 Genesis 4:26–26 1 Genesis 12:8–8 1 Genesis 15:2, 7, 13–14, 18 5 Exodus 3:6, 12–15 5 Exodus 5:2, 23 2 Exodus 6:2–3, 6–7 4 Genesis 16:11, 13 2 Job 7:8–8 1 Nahum 3:6–6 1 Genesis 17:1–2 2 Genesis 21:22, 33 2 Genesis 14:19–20, 22 3 Genesis 31:29–29 1 Genesis 22:8, 13–14 3 Exodus 15:2–3, 11, 18, 26 5 Exodus 17:13, 15–16 3 Exodus 20:2–3, 5, 7–8 5 Exodus 33:19–19 1 Exodus 34:5–7, 9, 14 5 Exodus 23:20–22 3 Exodus 31:13–13 1 Leviticus 20:8, 26 2 1 Chronicles 23:13–13 1 Deuteronomy 7:8–9 2 Deuteronomy 10:17–18 2 Judges 6:16, 23–24 3 Genesis 32:29–29 1 Judges 13:18–18 1 1 Samuel 17:45, 47 2 Psalms 24:8, 10 2 Isaiah 13:4–4 1 2 Samuel 22:1–3 3 Psalms 91:1–2 2 Psalms 23:1, 3–4 3 Isaiah 40:11–11 1 John 10:9, 11, 14–15 4 Psalms 68:4, 8 2 Psalms 83:18–18 1 Isaiah 12:2–2 1 Isaiah 26:4–4 1 Genesis 6:4–4 1 Mark 3:16–16 1 Ezekiel 36:20, 23 2 Isaiah 40:28–28 1 Isaiah 42:5, 8 2 Isaiah 54:5, 8 2 Isaiah 57:15–15 1 Isaiah 43:3, 10–11, 15 4 Isaiah 63:16–16 1 Jeremiah 10:10, 16 2 Malachi 1:6, 14 2 Isaiah 52:6–6 1 Jeremiah 16:21–21 1 Isaiah 9:6–7 2 Isaiah 10:21–21 1 Isaiah 22:21–21 1 Jeremiah 23:5–6 2 Jeremiah 33:15–16 2 Zechariah 6:12–13 2 Ezekiel 48:35–35 1 Zechariah 14:9–9 1 Daniel 2:20, 47 2 Daniel 7:9–10, 13–14 4 Proverbs 30:4–6 3 Psalms 139:6–6 1 Matthew 1:21–23 3 Isaiah 7:14, 16 2 Isaiah 8:10–10 1 Luke 1:31–33, 35 4 Matthew 6:8–9 2 Mark 14:36–36 1 Romans 8:15–15 1 Galatians 4:4, 6 2 John 1:1, 3, 14, 17–18, 29, 34, 41, 49 9 John 4:11, 24–26, 42 5 1 Corinthians 8:4–6 3 John 17:1, 3, 5–6, 26 5 John 20:28–29, 31 3 Psalms 82:6–8 3 Isaiah 41:23–24 2 John 10:30, 34–36, 38 5 John 14:6, 9–10, 16–17, 26, 28 7 John 15:26–26 1 John 16:13–14 2 Ephesians 4:30–30 1 1 John 2:1–1 1 Acts 4:10–12, 25–27 6 Psalms 2:1–2 2 Psalms 118:22–23 2 Acts 10:36, 38 2 Acts 5:3–4 2 Matthew 28:18–19 2 Philippians 2:6, 8–11 5 Isaiah 45:21, 23 2 Romans 14:11–11 1 Acts 19:13, 15–17 4 1 Thessalonians 5:23–24 2 1 John 4:8, 14 2 Revelation 1:5, 8, 17–18 4 Revelation 19:6, 11–13, 16 5 Revelation 21:6–6 1 Revelation 22:13, 16, 20 3 246 verses, 0 new
- Daniel 2:19–19 1 Isaiah 45:24–25 2 3 verses, 0 new
- Mark 1:21–28 8 Isaiah 44:24–28 5 Isaiah 45:1–7 7 Matthew 18:23–35 13 Exodus 28:1–5 5 Exodus 40:1–16 16 Deuteronomy 7:10–10 1 Exodus 20:11–11 1 Isaiah 10:20–20 1 Mark 14:38–38 1 58 verses, 54 new
- Daniel 9 27 27 verses, 27 new
- Daniel 9:24–26 3 3 verses, 0 new
- Psalms 60:4–4 1 Isaiah 13:2–2 1 Isaiah 28:29–29 1 Leviticus 25:48–49 2 Mark 1:25–25 1 6 verses, 0 new
The reader's own notes (8)
- The reading will begin with the two SIFT files, then use only the permitted Scripture and search tools. The record will be completed and read back before the hand-off is written.
- The first passages distinguish God’s own declarations of his name from names given to places and descriptions of what he does. The reading is also checking the apparent difficulty between Exodus 6:3 and the earlier accounts of Abraham calling upon the LORD’s name.
- The passages give meanings through their settings: God sees Hagar, provides for Abraham, gives Gideon peace, heals, shepherds, and sanctifies his people. The record will distinguish these demonstrated meanings from word origins or pronunciations that the permitted sources cannot establish.
- The main checks now concern the singular language about God’s name, names borne by an altar or city, and the names and titles applied to Jesus alongside references to the Father and the Holy Ghost. Each will be kept in its own setting before the catalog is drawn together.
- The gathered passages support a substantial catalog, with each name or title explained from its setting. The record will also state the limits: it does not establish a complete count, a pronunciation guide, or every name, since Revelation 19:12 expressly describes a name known only to its bearer.
- The read-back found two points needing more support: the word used for “Spirit” also has other referents, and sharing a title such as “shepherd” cannot by itself establish who someone is. Those contexts are being checked, and the record is being revised before the hand-off is written.
- The revised record is complete, and all 274 quotation occurrences match the fetched verse text. It now includes the additional contexts checked during read-back, including the form “Messiah” found in Daniel. The hand-off is being written last from that record.
- Written and checked: - RECORD.md - HANDOFF.md The hand-off was written last. Both files identify the catalog’s limits and unverified meanings.
What its record and its hand-off say, in their order
Question and scope
"What are the names of God in Scripture, and what do they mean?"
The question asks for the names and their meanings. It supplies no personal circumstance, proposed list, preferred language, claim about pronunciation, or claim about a fixed number. The reading therefore distinguishes explicit naming, titles and addresses, descriptions of God's character and work, and names given to memorial places, altars or a city. The answer must cover the meanings shown by the passages, including the names and titles applied to Jesus and the designations of the Holy Ghost. It must not replace this question with a dispute about a required pronunciation.
This is a substantial catalog from the passages examined, not a certified inventory of every designation in the canon. Unread search hits are identified below. A claim that all names are disclosed would already fail at Revelation 19:12. That limitation does not prevent reporting the names that are expressly disclosed.
From its hand-off to the writer
Their words
"What are the names of God in Scripture, and what do they mean?"
The question asks for the names and their meanings. No particular language, fixed count, personal circumstance or pronunciation claim was supplied. The answer must give the disclosed names and their demonstrated meanings, with the distinction between direct divine naming, titles and addresses, descriptions, and names borne by a place, altar or city.
This file is a writer's brief from the completed RECORD.md, not the answer to the person. The answer should use the fetched forms and meanings below, give their substance plainly, and retain the qualifications that materially affect the catalog. It should not supply a dictionary gloss, a pronunciation claim, another authority, or a final count that this reading did not establish.
Hard passages
The strongest checks against an unqualified plural catalog, an absolute earlier-name denial, title-based identification, or an erasure of the Father-Son relations must remain visible. Each is answered from its own setting and the linked passages.
1. The name alone and the name one
Psalms 83 concerns acknowledgment of the God supreme over all earth; Zechariah concerns universal kingship and worship. They are strong checks against a list implying rival gods. They cannot be used to falsify the naming of Jealous and Holy. The answer must keep both the uniqueness and the expressly given names.
"That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth." ()
"And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one." ()
"For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:" ()
"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones." ()
2. Not known by JEHOVAH in Exodus 6:3
Keep the denial as written, but reject the absolute no-earlier-use reading because Genesis records direct speech to Abram and invocation. Exodus itself explains future knowing through covenant redemption, and the name is already spoken to those promised that knowing. Isaiah 52 and Jeremiah 16 independently connect knowing the name with knowing the speaker and his might. The precise measure of patriarchal knowing was not reconstructed.
"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." ()
"And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it." ()
"And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD." ()
"Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments:" ()
"And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians." ()
"Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I." ()
"Therefore, behold, I will this once cause them to know, I will cause them to know mine hand and my might; and they shall know that my name is The LORD." ()
3. Only true God; the Father greater; Jesus called God
John 17 explicitly identifies the Father as the only true God and distinguishes the sent Jesus Christ. John 14:28 must likewise remain true. The same Gospel calls the Word God and records Jesus affirming Thomas's belief after being addressed as Lord and God. The catalog must report both sets of assertions and the one-God assertion without introducing a rival deity or erasing the stated relations. No untested explanation of their mechanism is supplied.
"These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:" ()
"And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent." ()
"And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was." ()
"Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again unto you. If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto the Father: for my Father is greater than I." ()
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." ()
"And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth." ()
"And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God." ()
"Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." ()
"But to us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him." ()
4. The everlasting Father in the son's names
The given royal son bears this title in Isaiah, and his rule and peace have no end. Isaiah 22 supplies a fatherly governmental use. This supports an enduring fatherhood/government explanation, but does not authorize swapping the Son with the Father he addresses. The title itself is firm; an exhaustive lexical explanation is not claimed.
"For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace." ()
"Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." ()
"And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah." ()
"These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:" ()
5. The city shares The LORD our righteousness
The righteous king's naming is explicit. So is Jerusalem's naming in the parallel promise. Do not deify the city or erase the king's title. The demonstrated link is righteousness and justification in the LORD, while the subjects of the naming sentences remain distinct.
"Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth." ()
"In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS." ()
"In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely: and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD our righteousness." ()
"Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed." ()
"In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory." ()
6. Ye are gods
The source of Jesus' quotation was fetched as the whole of Psalms 82. Its recipients are rebuked for unjust judgment and sentenced to die; God is asked to judge earth. Jesus himself explains the application to those receiving God's word and speaks of the Father's sending and presence in him. It cannot prove several equally supreme gods or replace John's specific positive assertions about Jesus with a mere shared-word argument.
"Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?" ()
"If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the scripture cannot be broken;" ()
"Say ye of him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am the Son of God?" ()
"But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him." ()
"I have said, Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High." ()
"But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes." ()
"Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all nations." ()
7. Cyrus is shepherd and anointed
This read-back addition is a substantive qualification of title-based arguments. The LORD explicitly commissions and equips Cyrus and distinguishes himself as the sole God. Jesus' identity must therefore rest on the actual identification and assertions in the Gospel and their demonstrated scriptural applications, not just on sharing shepherd or anointed with a divine description.
"Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself;" ()
"That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid." ()
"Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;" ()
"I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me:" ()
"The woman saith unto him, I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ: when he is come, he will tell us all things." ()
"Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am he." ()
8. No other saving name; a name above every name
Acts 4 identifies the person Jesus Christ, crucified and raised. Philippians connects his exaltation to universal confession of his lordship to the Father's glory. The Isaiah universal-homage setting and its explicit quotation in Romans were read before using that connection. These sentences are not a command to remove LORD, Father or the other disclosed designations. The Acts 4 stone quotation was also traced to its psalm.
"Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole." ()
"This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner." ()
"Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." ()
"The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner." ()
"This is the LORD's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes." ()
"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:" ()
"That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;" ()
"And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." ()
"Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me." ()
"I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear." ()
"For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God." ()
9. Questions about a withheld name
Agur's question is followed by trust in God's pure word and a warning against adding. It is not a denial that God has ever revealed his name. The angel's answer to Manoah withholds explanation; H6383 is also wonderful in the psalm about knowledge beyond human attainment. It is not the same numbered word as Wonderful in Isaiah 9:6 and does not by itself identify the angel. Revelation gives revealed names while expressly describing one undisclosed name.
"Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou canst tell?" ()
"Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him." ()
"Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar." ()
"And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?" ()
"Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it." ()
"And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations." ()
"His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself." ()
"And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God." ()
Ruled out
These are readings tested in the record, with the verses their assertions would break. They are not claims that the person asking holds any of them.
1. Several rival true gods
This makes the asserted uniqueness false; the plural catalog must retain the one God.
"As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other God but one." ()
"Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me." ()
2. Only one divine designation can be used
Taking the singular-name texts as forbidding every other name would make these explicit naming statements false and would contradict the authorized address.
"For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:" ()
"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones." ()
"After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name." ()
3. No patriarch ever heard or used LORD
That absolute reading of Exodus 6:3 makes the recorded direct speech to Abram and his invocation false.
"And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it." ()
"And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD." ()
4. Every memorial name is a personal self-naming by God
The actual subjects include a place, an altar and a city. Erasing those subjects breaks the verses.
"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen." ()
"And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi:" ()
"Then Gideon built an altar there unto the LORD, and called it Jehovahshalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abiezrites." ()
"It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is there." ()
5. A shared title or word number proves the same identity
The LORD calls Cyrus shepherd and anointed while distinguishing himself from the one equipped. A title alone cannot prove every bearer is God or every anointed one Jesus.
"That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid." ()
"Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;" ()
"I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me:" ()
6. Jesus is never called God, or Father, Son and Spirit are interchangeable in every sentence
The first denial contradicts the Word statements and Thomas's address. The second erases the prayer and sending relations. Preserve both sets of assertions.
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." ()
"And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth." ()
"And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God." ()
"These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:" ()
"And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;" ()
"But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you." ()
7. Every spirit occurrence means the Holy Spirit
The read-back fetched the actual unclean-spirit counterexample, rather than treating its index hit as read. The spirit/flesh contrast must also be kept in its own setting. A shared number cannot replace those contexts with the Holy Spirit's promised teaching role.
"And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out," ()
"Watch ye and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak." ()
8. All names are disclosed and can be listed exhaustively
This contradicts the rider's expressly undisclosed name. A substantial catalog of disclosed names remains possible.
"His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself." ()
Verdicts
The following conclusions stand at the stated firmness. Explicit naming and the express functions or relations given by the verses can be stated as Scripture's teaching. A contextual explanation must remain labelled as such where the record did not establish a complete lexical definition.
1. One God, several ways Scripture names and describes him
Scripture teaches that there is one true God. The answer must distinguish his explicit names from titles, addresses, descriptions and names borne by memorials. The singular-name texts cannot erase the other names that Scripture itself expressly gives.
"As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other God but one." ()
"For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:" ()
"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones." ()
2. God's answer to Moses; LORD and JEHOVAH
The answer must begin its naming explanation with God's own reply to Moses. He identifies himself as the God of the fathers, promises his presence, gives the declaration in Exodus 3:14, and declares the enduring name in 3:15. LORD and JEHOVAH are connected by the same speaker in Exodus 6:2-3 and by H3068. The context demonstrates enduring identity, presence and covenant deliverance; it does not supply a complete etymology or a pronunciation guide.
"Moreover he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God." ()
"And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain." ()
"And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you." ()
"And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations." ()
"And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD:" ()
"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." ()
"And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians." ()
3. JAH
JAH is expressly given as a name for praising the God of Israel. H3050 also stands as LORD in the songs of salvation. The answer may report those forms; a history of their spelling or a claim about one form being a shortened form was not established here.
"Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name JAH, and rejoice before him." ()
"The earth shook, the heavens also dropped at the presence of God: even Sinai itself was moved at the presence of God, the God of Israel." ()
"The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father's God, and I will exalt him." ()
4. God; Lord; God of gods and Lord of lords
God is the creator and rightful object of worship in these passages; Lord expresses authority and rule. Supremacy includes justice and care, not just strength. These are contextual explanations, not claims that each noun literally translates creator or that every use denotes deity. The read-back supplied an ordinary lord-servant relation and an ordinary account use of the word indexed G3056, so Lord and Word must be read in context.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth." ()
"I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage." ()
"Thou shalt have no other gods before me." ()
"For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward:" ()
"He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment." ()
"Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants." ()
"Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt." ()
"The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that living water?" ()
5. Almighty God; Almighty; omnipotent; most high God
Almighty is demonstrated through covenant power and sovereign reign. Most high describes supremacy over all earth and the possessor of heaven and earth who delivers. These passages identify the same LORD, rather than different gods with separate powers.
"And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect." ()
"And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly." ()
"And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth." ()
"And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth:" ()
"And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all." ()
"And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth," ()
"That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth." ()
6. Everlasting God; living God; true God; everlasting King
The creator does not faint with passing human strength; he inhabits eternity. The living, true and everlasting King is contrasted with made idols in Jeremiah 10. Keep both his mercy and judgment in the explanation.
"And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God." ()
"Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding." ()
"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones." ()
"But the LORD is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting king: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation." ()
"The portion of Jacob is not like them: for he is the former of all things; and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: The LORD of hosts is his name." ()
7. LORD of hosts; King of glory
These passages show the strong and mighty King ruling the forces of battle. David explicitly identifies the LORD of hosts with the God of Israel's armies. In 1 Samuel 17:45 the index for armies differs from that for hosts; the link is the sentence's identification, not an assertion that the two words have the same number.
"Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied." ()
"And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD's, and he will give you into our hands." ()
"The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle." ()
"Who is this King of glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle." ()
"Who is this King of glory? The LORD of hosts, he is the King of glory. Selah." ()
8. Holy; Holy One of Israel; Jealous; faithful God
Holy names the exalted God who revives the humble and claims a holy people for himself. Holy One of Israel accompanies his saving and redeeming relation to Israel. Jealous is explicitly a name and requires exclusive worship. Faithful God keeps covenant and mercy; the read-back added the judgment sentence so that faithfulness is not detached from it.
"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones." ()
"And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the LORD am holy, and have severed you from other people, that ye should be mine." ()
"For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee." ()
"For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:" ()
"Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;" ()
"And repayeth them that hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him that hateth him, he will repay him to his face." ()
9. The God who sees Hagar
Hagar's naming statement is explicit; its meaning is given by her words and the assurance concerning her affliction. The answer should use the fetched wording and identify Hagar as its speaker. No unprinted Hebrew transliteration is required or established.
"And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Behold, thou art with child, and shalt bear a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael; because the LORD hath heard thy affliction." ()
"And she called the name of the LORD that spake unto her, Thou God seest me: for she said, Have I also here looked after him that seeth me?" ()
10. The LORD who heals and sanctifies
Healing is an express divine declaration; the condition in Exodus 15:26 must remain attached to its promise to Israel. Sanctifying is making holy or setting apart for the LORD and his service. The read-back added actual consecrate, hallow and sanctify settings; these support the explanation and preserve their different subjects. It must not become an unconditional promise that every reader will avoid every disease.
"And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee." ()
"Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you." ()
"And ye shall keep my statutes, and do them: I am the LORD which sanctify you." ()
"And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the LORD am holy, and have severed you from other people, that ye should be mine." ()
"And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron's garments to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office." ()
"And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels thereof: and it shall be holy." ()
"And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest's office." ()
"For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it." ()
11. Shepherd; rock, fortress, deliverer, shield and refuge
The shepherd passages demonstrate provision, guidance, restoration, presence and protection. Jesus' good-shepherd declaration adds giving his life for the sheep. The protection titles in David's song concern rescue from violence and enemies. These are truthful descriptions of the LORD, not a list of competing beings.
"The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want." ()
"He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake." ()
"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me." ()
"He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young." ()
"I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep." ()
"I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine." ()
"As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep." ()
"And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer;" ()
"The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence." ()
"I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust." ()
12. Creator, Maker, Redeemer, husband, God of the whole earth; Saviour and King
The passages connect creation, God's claim on his people, rescue and restoration with mercy and enduring kindness. The read-back added the LORD's explicit assertion of making all things alone. Redeeming a sold person in the opened law provides a use check for release; it is not a separate name or a command to identify every legal redeemer as God.
"Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein:" ()
"Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself;" ()
"For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called." ()
"In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer." ()
"I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour." ()
"I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King." ()
"After that he is sold he may be redeemed again; one of his brethren may redeem him:" ()
"Either his uncle, or his uncle's son, may redeem him, or any that is nigh of kin unto him of his family may redeem him; or if he be able, he may redeem himself." ()
13. Father; Abba, Father
Father is an authorized address in Jesus' teaching, involving knowledge of needs, honour and care. Abba is joined to Father in Jesus' prayer and in the statements concerning adoption. Preserve the Son's praying to the Father and the sending of the Spirit; the terms are not interchangeable in every sentence. No additional colloquial gloss for Abba was established.
"Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him." ()
"After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name." ()
"And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt." ()
"For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father." ()
"But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law," ()
"And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father." ()
"Doubtless thou art our father, though Abraham be ignorant of us, and Israel acknowledge us not: thou, O LORD, art our father, our redeemer; thy name is from everlasting." ()
14. God of peace; God's proclaimed character
God of peace accompanies the prayer for sanctification and preservation and the assurance of faithfulness. The proclamation of his name includes grace, mercy, goodness, truth, forgiveness and judgment. The answer should explain that these names make known who God is and what he does. An assertion such as God is love may describe him without being introduced as a separate proper name.
"And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." ()
"Faithful is he that calleth you, who also will do it." ()
"And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD." ()
"And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth," ()
"Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation." ()
"He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love." ()
15. Ancient of days; God of heaven
Daniel praises the God of heaven for wisdom and might. Ancient of days appears as the enthroned judge; the one like the Son of man is brought before him and given enduring dominion. Report the distinction present in the vision; the title is not defined merely by a word number.
"Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven." ()
"Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever: for wisdom and might are his:" ()
"I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire." ()
"A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened." ()
"I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him." ()
"And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed." ()
16. Jehovahjireh: a named place
The provision meaning is demonstrated by Abraham's assurance, the ram offered in his son's stead and the naming statement. H7200 is used for provide and seen within this episode. The place, rather than God as the grammatical subject of a self-naming, is expressly named.
"And Abraham said, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together." ()
"And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son." ()
"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen." ()
17. Jehovahnissi and Jehovahshalom: named altars
Jehovahnissi commemorates the victory over Amalek and the stated war of the LORD. Its exact lexical gloss as a banner name was not verified by these tools, so that gloss must not be certified as a demonstrated derivation. Jehovahshalom follows the LORD's assurance of peace and life to Gideon. Both sentences name altars.
"And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword." ()
"And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi:" ()
"For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation." ()
"And the LORD said unto him, Peace be unto thee; fear not: thou shalt not die." ()
"Then Gideon built an altar there unto the LORD, and called it Jehovahshalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abiezrites." ()
18. The LORD is there; THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS
The LORD is there is expressly the name of the city and declares his presence. THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS is borne by the righteous Davidic king, while the corresponding name is also given to Jerusalem. Righteousness and justification are in the LORD. The city bearing a name must not be made the deity who restores it.
"It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is there." ()
"Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth." ()
"In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS." ()
"In those days, and at that time, will I cause the Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land." ()
"In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely: and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD our righteousness." ()
"Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed." ()
"In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory." ()
19. JESUS; Emmanuel and Immanuel
The naming command gives its reason: Jesus saves his people from their sins. Emmanuel is explicitly interpreted God with us. Matthew expressly presents fulfilment of the sign passage; Isaiah 7:1-8:10 was read with the threat to David's house, the departing kings and the Assyrian judgment retained. Do not substitute an invented timetable for that stated fulfilment.
"And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins." ()
"Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying," ()
"Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us." ()
"Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel." ()
"For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings." ()
"Take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; speak the word, and it shall not stand: for God is with us." ()
20. Messiah; Messias; Christ
The demonstrated sense is the anointed designation. John explicitly interprets Messias as Christ and identifies Jesus as the expected one. The anointed/Christ bridge is the quotation and application of Psalms 2 in Acts 4; Acts 10 also explicitly says God anointed Jesus. The read-back adds the printed form Messiah the Prince in Daniel, including his being cut off, within the message about Jerusalem, reconciliation and righteousness. No detailed chronological calculation was reached, and a shared title alone cannot identify every bearer as Jesus.
"He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ." ()
"The woman saith unto him, I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ: when he is come, he will tell us all things." ()
"Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am he." ()
"Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?" ()
"The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying," ()
"Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things?" ()
"The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord, and against his Christ." ()
"For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together," ()
"How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him." ()
"Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy." ()
"Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times." ()
"And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined." ()
21. Son of God; Son of the Highest; King of Israel; Isaiah's royal names
Jesus is expressly named as the son receiving David's throne and an unending kingdom. This is the demonstrated royal link to Isaiah 9:6-7. Report all its names: Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. The government and peace have no end. The read-back retained the actual LORD/mighty-God link in Isaiah 10:20-21 and clarified that fatherly government is a contextual explanation, not a certified exhaustive lexical definition of everlasting Father. Isaiah 22:21 supplies the father-as-governor use. This title does not erase Jesus' prayer to the Father.
"And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS." ()
"He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:" ()
"And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end." ()
"And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God." ()
"Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel." ()
"For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace." ()
"Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." ()
"And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth." ()
"The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God." ()
"And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah." ()
"This also cometh forth from the LORD of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working." ()
22. The BRANCH
Jeremiah names the righteous Branch for David and righteous rule. Zechariah names The BRANCH and describes temple building with royal and priestly rule. The catalog can report those features without pretending to settle every feature's schedule.
"Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth." ()
"And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD:" ()
"Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both." ()
23. Word; The Word of God; Lord and God applied to Jesus
John asserts that the Word is with God and is God, makes all things and becomes flesh, in the account naming Jesus Christ and the Son who declares the Father. Thomas addresses Jesus as Lord and God and Jesus affirms his belief. Revelation explicitly gives The Word of God as a name. The record warrants these statements; it does not warrant treating every ordinary use of G3056 as a divine name.
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." ()
"All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made." ()
"And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth." ()
"For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ." ()
"No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him." ()
"And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God." ()
"Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." ()
"And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God." ()
24. Lamb of God; Saviour of the world; way, truth, life, door; advocate
The meanings follow the stated work: taking away sin, being sent as Saviour, access to the Father, entry for salvation and pasture, and advocacy with the Father. Advocate and Comforter share G3875, but the explicit subjects differ: Jesus Christ is advocate with the Father; the Comforter in John 14:26 is the Holy Ghost. Do not transfer every statement about one to the other merely from a number.
"The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." ()
"And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world." ()
"Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me." ()
"I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture." ()
"My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous:" ()
25. Holy Ghost; holy Spirit of God; Spirit of truth; Comforter
John explicitly identifies the promised Comforter as the Holy Ghost and Spirit of truth, sent by the Father through the Son, teaching, recalling Jesus' words, testifying, guiding and glorifying him. Ephesians supplies holy Spirit of God; G40 and G4151 support comparison of the wording without defining every spirit as the Holy Spirit. Acts identifies lying to the Holy Ghost as lying to God. Jesus names Father, Son and Holy Ghost together in his commission.
"And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;" ()
"Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you." ()
"But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you." ()
"But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me:" ()
"Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come." ()
"He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall shew it unto you." ()
"And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption." ()
"But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back part of the price of the land?" ()
"Whiles it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power? why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God." ()
"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:" ()
26. Holy One of God: keep the reported speaker
The read-back found this address to Jesus in the unclean spirit's speech. It must be identified as that speaker's address; the narrative also explicitly shows Jesus rebuking and commanding the spirit and being obeyed. This is reported evidence, not a rule to trust every assertion by that speaker.
"Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God." ()
"And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him." ()
"And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among themselves, saying, What thing is this? what new doctrine is this? for with authority commandeth he even the unclean spirits, and they do obey him." ()
27. Alpha and Omega; first and last; Faithful and True; KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS
The text itself explains Alpha and Omega by beginning and end and first and last. The living one who was dead is alive for evermore. The rider's Faithful and True accompanies righteous judgment, and the kingly names declare rule over rulers. The root and offspring of David and bright and morning star are Jesus' explicit final self-description; further symbolism was not defined.
"I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty." ()
"And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last:" ()
"I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death." ()
"I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last." ()
"And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war." ()
"And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS." ()
"I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star." ()
"He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus." ()
28. Honour the named one; the saving name is not a technique
Jesus Christ of Nazareth is expressly identified as the saving name in Acts 4. That assertion does not forbid Father as an address or remove the earlier revealed names. The narrative in Acts 19 prevents turning repetition of a name into guaranteed control. The name must be honoured, and Jesus' exalted lordship is confessed to the Father's glory.
"Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole." ()
"Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." ()
"Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preacheth." ()
"And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye?" ()
"And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded." ()
"And this was known to all the Jews and Greeks also dwelling at Ephesus; and fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified." ()
"Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain." ()
"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:" ()
"That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;" ()
"And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." ()
Open
These are the actual boundaries of the reading. They must be distinguished from a conclusion that Scripture itself leaves two fully established alternatives undecided.
1. Breadth and withheld knowledge
The reading did not open the whole canon or every indexed use; this is a substantial catalog, not a certified complete count. Unread hits remain identified in RECORD.md. That limit belongs to the work and must not be called scriptural silence. Separately, the text itself expressly withholds a name, so a claim that every name has been disclosed is ruled out even apart from the search limit.
"His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself." ()
2. Lexical history and compound glosses
A definitive ancient pronunciation, a spelling history, and unprinted Hebrew or Greek transliterations were not established by the permitted sources. The name in the text and its contextual significance can be reported. Jehovahnissi's victory setting is clear, but the banner searches did not establish its exact lexical derivation. This is an unverified gloss, not a verdict that Scripture is silent. The opened banner contexts should not be suppressed or mistaken for proof of the compound's derivation.
"And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi:" ()
"For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation." ()
"Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah." ()
"Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles." ()
3. Limits on fuller explanations
Exodus 6:3 preserves a distinction whose immediate explanation is covenant deliverance; the exact measure of the patriarchs' earlier knowing is not itemized by the passages examined. The everlasting-Father title and unending royal setting are explicit; the fatherly-government comparison supports the contextual explanation without certifying every nuance of fatherhood. Daniel's Messiah title and the New Testament's identification of Jesus as Christ stand without a chronology calculation. These limits do not weaken those stated conclusions, and should not be converted into invented accounts of patriarchal experience, a required metaphysical mechanism, or an asserted prophetic schedule.
"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." ()
"And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians." ()
"For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace." ()
"Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this." ()
"And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah." ()
"Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times." ()
"And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined." ()
"He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ." ()
No question about the person's circumstances is required for this answer. The record's read-back additions have been carried above: Mark 1 and Mark 14 for spirit-language and the reported Holy One address; Matthew 18 for ordinary lord and account; Isaiah 44-45 for Creator, shepherd and anointed; Exodus 28 and 40 with Exodus 20:11 for sanctifying; Deuteronomy 7:10 for judgment with covenant faithfulness; Isaiah 10:20 for the LORD/mighty-God connection; the clarified firmness of the everlasting-Father explanation; and Daniel 9 for Messiah. The earlier opened banner, counsel and redemption settings also remain visible with their actual use and limits.
Other readings that quote its verses
- Does Scripture teach that God is three persons in one God?70 verses in common
- Is Jesus God?65 verses in common
- Does God exist, and what is Scripture's own witness to it?24 verses in common
- Is Jesus the only way to God?12 verses in common
- Can a person who is truly saved ever lose their salvation?10 verses in common
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